Element

14 Mar 25

Negative volumes in brick elements

Brick elements and foam materials (or other soft materials) In materials that undergo extremely large deformations, such as soft foams,…

14 Mar 25

Hourglass

Preface See the User’s Manual (*HOURGLASS) and sections 3.2 and 6.4 of the Theory Manual. Hourglass (HG) modes are nonphysical, zero-energy modes of deformation…

14 Mar 25

Element

Beam Cohesive element formulation Coordinate system for stress Discrete Beam Hourglass Negative volumes in brick elements Shell Formulations Shell offset…

14 Mar 25

Discrete Beam

Preface A discrete beam (beam formulation 6) has up to 6 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) whereas a spring (*ELEMENT_DISCRETE) has only one…

14 Mar 25

Coordinate system for stress

Shell stresses are reported at through-thickness integration points. Location of those integration points depend on the number of integration points…

14 Mar 25

Cohesive element formulation

A cohesive element fomulation connects via nonlinear spring elements the relative displacements between the upper and lower surface to a…

14 Mar 25

Beam

If you want to input A, Iss, etc. directly, you must use a resultant beam formulation, i.e., ELFORM=2. With such a formulation, stresses…

14 Mar 25

Shell offset

LS-DYNA v971 has an improved capability to add offsets to shell elements. This can be done in two ways: use…

14 Mar 25

Shell output

Stress and strain output corresponds to integration point locations. Thus, Lobatto integration (see INTGRD in *CONTROL_SHELL) is required to get output corresponding to…

14 Mar 25

Shell Strain

Preface Whereas through-thickness strain of shells is always computed, change of thickness is NOT calculated by default. ISTUPD in *CONTROL_SHELL controls only whether the…

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